Izinaliti zokubhoboza ezisetshenziswa odokotela banamuhla zenziwa ngesisekelo sezinaliti zokujova kanye nezinaliti zomjovo [1].
Ukwakhiwa kwezinaliti zokufafaza kungalandelelwa emuva ku-1656. Odokotela baseBrithani uChristopher noRobert basebenzisa ishubhu lezinsiba njengenaliti ukuze bajove izidakamizwa emithanjeni yenja.Lokhu kwaba wukuhlolwa kokuqala komjovo emthanjeni emlandweni.
Ngo-1662, udokotela ongumJalimane okuthiwa uJohn wafaka inaliti emzimbeni womuntu ngokokuqala ngqá.Nakuba isiguli singazange sisindiswe ngenxa yokutheleleka, kwakuyingqophamlando emlandweni wezokwelapha.
Ngo-1832, udokotela waseScotland uThomas wafaka usawoti emzimbeni womuntu ngempumelelo, waba yicala lokuqala eliphumelelayo lokujova ngomthambo, wabeka isisekelo sokwelashwa ngokufakwa emthanjeni.
Ekhulwini lama-20, ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa kwensimbi kanye nemithi, ukujova nge-intravenous kanye nethiyori yayo kuye kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha, futhi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinaliti zokusetshenziswa okuhlukile ziye zatholakala ngokushesha.Inalithi yokubhoboza iyigatsha elilodwa nje elincane.Noma kunjalo, kunenqwaba yezinhlobo ezahlukene, ezinezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezinaliti zokubhoboza i-trocar, nezincane njengezinaliti zokubhoboza amaseli.
Izinaliti zokubhoboza zesimanje ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-SUS304/316L insimbi yezokwelapha engagqwali.
Ukusakazwa Kwezigaba
Ngokwenani lezikhathi zokusetshenziswa: izinaliti zokubhoboza ezilahlwayo, izinaliti zokubhoboza ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.
Ngokusho komsebenzi wesicelo: inaliti yokubhoboza i-biopsy, inaliti yokubhoboza umjovo (inaliti yokubhoboza yokungenelela), inaliti yokubhoboza amanzi.
Ngokwesakhiwo sethubhu yenaliti: inaliti yokubhoboza i-cannula, inaliti yokubhoboza eyodwa, inaliti yokubhoboza eqinile.
Ngokwesakhiwo senaliti iphuzu: inaliti yokubhoboza, inaliti yokukhilosha yokubhoboza, inaliti yokubhoboza imfoloko, inaliti yokubhoboza ejikelezayo.
Ngokusho kwemishini yokusiza: inaliti yokubhoboza eqondiswayo (isikhundla), inaliti yokubhoboza engaqondisiwe (i-blind puncture), inaliti yokubhoboza ebonakalayo.
Izinaliti zokubhoboza ezisohlwini luka-2018 lwekhathalogi yokuhlukaniswa kwemishini yezokwelapha [2]
02 Izinsimbi zokuhlinza ezingenzi lutho
Isigaba somkhiqizo oyinhloko
Isigaba somkhiqizo wesibili
Igama ledivayisi yezokwelapha
Isigaba sokuphatha
07 Izinsimbi Zokuhlinza-Izinalithi
02 Inalithi yokuhlinza
Inaliti ye-ascites eyinyumba yokusetshenziswa okukodwa
Ⅱ
Inalithi yokubhoboza emakhaleni, inaliti yokubhoboza i-ascites
Ⅰ
03 Izinsimbi Zokuhlinza Imizwa Nenhliziyo
13 Izinsimbi Zokuhlinza Kwezinzwa Nenhliziyo-Izinsimbi Zokungenelela Zenhliziyo
12 ukubhoboza inaliti
Inaliti yokubhoboza imithambo
Ⅲ
08 Imishini yokuphefumula, yokubulala izinzwa kanye nemishini yosizo lokuqala
02 Imishini yokubulala izinzwa
02 Inalithi Yokubulala Izinzwa
Izinaliti ezisetshenziswa kanyekanye (ukubhoboza).
Ⅲ
Imishini eyi-10 yokumpontshelwa igazi, i-dialysis kanye ne-extracorporeal circulation
02Ukuhlukaniswa kwegazi, ukucubungula nokugcinwa kwemishini
03 Ukubhoboza kwe-Arteriovenous
Inalithi yokubhoboza ye-arteriovenous fistula esetshenziswa kanye, inaliti yokubhoboza ye-arteriovenous eyodwa
Ⅲ
14 Ukumnika, ubuhlengikazi kanye nemishini yokuzivikela
01Imishini yokujova nokubhoboza
08 imishini yokubhoboza
Inaliti yokubhoboza i-ventricle, inaliti yokubhoboza i-lumbar
Ⅲ
Inalithi yokubhoboza isifuba, inaliti yokubhoboza amaphaphu, inaliti yokubhoboza izinso, inaliti yokubhoboza i-maxillary sinus, inaliti yokubhoboza yesibindi, inaliti yokubhoboza isibindi se-biopsy, inaliti yokubhoboza i-cricothyrocent, inaliti yokubhoboza i-iliac
Ⅱ
18 I-Obstetrics kanye ne-Gynecology, izinsiza ezisizayo zokuzala nezokuvimbela inzalo
07Izisetshenziswa zokuzala ezisizwayo
02 Ukuzalanisa okusizwayo ukubhoboza ukubuyiswa kweqanda/ukubuyisa inaliti yesidoda
Inaliti yokubhoboza i-Epididymal
Ⅱ
Ukucaciswa kwenaliti yokubhoboza
Ukucaciswa kwezinaliti zasekhaya zivezwa ngezinombolo.Inombolo yezinaliti ububanzi obungaphandle bepayipi yenaliti, okungukuthi 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, kanye nezinaliti ezingu-20, ngokulandelana kubonisa ukuthi ububanzi obungaphandle bepayipi yenaliti ngu-0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 2.0 mm.Izinaliti zakwamanye amazwe zisebenzisa i-Gauge ukukhombisa ububanzi beshubhu, bese wengeza uhlamvu G ngemva kwenombolo ukukhombisa imininingwane (efana ne-23G, 18G, njll.).Ngokuphambene nezinaliti ezifuywayo, inani likhulu, liba mncane ububanzi benaliti.Ubuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwezinaliti zangaphandle nezinaliti zasekhaya yizi: 23G≈6, 22G≈7, 21G≈8, 20G≈9, 18G≈12, 16G≈16, 14G≈20.[1]