Ama-Capillary dispensers asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezinsizeni zasekhaya nezincane zezentengiselwano lapho umthwalo wokushisa ku-evaporator uthi ungashintshi.Lezi zinhlelo nazo zinezinga eliphansi lokugeleza kweziqandisi futhi ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ama-compressor we-hermetic.Abakhiqizi basebenzisa ama-capillary ngenxa yobulula bawo kanye nezindleko eziphansi.Ukwengeza, amasistimu amaningi asebenzisa ama-capillary njengedivayisi yokulinganisa awadingi isamukeli esiseceleni eliphezulu, okuqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko.
Amashubhu e-capillary awayona into engaphezu kwamashubhu amade anobubanzi obuncane nobude obumisiwe afakwe phakathi kwe-condenser ne-evaporator.I-capillary empeleni ikala isiqandisi ukusuka ku-condenser kuya ku-evaporator.Ngenxa yobude obukhulu nobubanzi obuncane, lapho isiqandisi sigeleza kuso, ukungqubuzana koketshezi nokwehla kwengcindezi kwenzeka.Eqinisweni, njengoba uketshezi olupholile kancane lugeleza lusuka phansi ku-condenser ludlule kuma-capillaries, olunye uketshezi lungase lubilise kuyilapho lwehla le ngcindezi.Lawa maconsi okucindezela aletha uketshezi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokugcwala kwawo ezingeni lokushisa kwawo ezindaweni eziningana eduze kwe-capillary.Lokhu kucwayiza kubangelwa ukwanda koketshezi lapho umfutho wehla.
Ubukhulu be-liquid flash (uma bukhona) buzoxhomeka ezingeni lokupholisa okukhulu koketshezi olusuka ku-condenser kanye ne-capillary ngokwayo.Uma ukukhanya kwe-liquid kwenzeka, kuyafiseleka ukuthi i-flash ibe seduze ne-evaporator ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwesistimu.Lapho uketshezi lubanda olusuka ngaphansi kwe-condenser, uketshezi oluncane lungena ku-capillary.I-capillary ivamise ukugoqwa, idlule noma ishiselwe emgqeni wokumunca ukuze kuphole kancane ukuvimbela uketshezi oluku-capillary ukuthi lungabili.Ngenxa yokuthi i-capillary ikhawulela futhi ikala ukugeleza koketshezi ku-evaporator, isiza ukugcina ukwehla kokucindezela okudingekayo ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle.
Ishubhu le-capillary kanye ne-compressor yizingxenye ezimbili ezihlukanisa uhlangothi lwengcindezi ephezulu ohlangothini oluphansi lwesistimu yesiqandisi.
Ishubhu le-capillary liyahluka kudivayisi yokulinganisa i-valve yokunweba ngoba ayinazo izingxenye ezihambayo futhi ayilawuli ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-evaporator ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isimo somthwalo wokushisa.Ngisho noma zingekho izingxenye ezihambayo, amashubhu e-capillary ashintsha izinga lokugeleza njengoba i-evaporator kanye/noma ingcindezi yesistimu ye-condenser ishintsha.Eqinisweni, ifinyelela kuphela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu lapho ukucindezela ohlangothini oluphezulu noluphansi kuhlangene.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-capillary isebenza ngokuxhaphaza umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwezinhlangothi eziphakeme neziphansi zokucindezela kwesistimu yesiqandisi.Njengoba umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwezinhlangothi eziphakeme neziphansi zesistimu zanda, ukugeleza kwesiqandisi kuzokwanda.Amashubhu e-capillary asebenza ngendlela egculisayo phezu kohlu olubanzi lokwehla kwengcindezi, kodwa ngokuvamile awasebenzi kahle kakhulu.
Njengoba i-capillary, i-evaporator, i-compressor ne-condenser ixhunywe ochungechungeni, izinga lokugeleza ku-capillary kufanele lilingane nesivinini sepompo phansi se-compressor.Yingakho ubude obaliwe kanye nobubanzi be-capillary ekukhuphukeni okubalwa kokuhwamuka kanye nezingcindezi ze-condensation zibalulekile futhi kufanele zilingane nomthamo wepompo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zokuklama.Ukuphenduka okuningi ku-capillary kuzothinta ukumelana kwayo nokugeleza bese kuthinta ibhalansi yesistimu.
Uma i-capillary yinde kakhulu futhi imelana kakhulu, kuzoba nokuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwendawo.Uma ububanzi buncane kakhulu noma kukhona ukuphenduka okuningi kakhulu lapho ugoqa, umthamo we-tube uzoba ngaphansi kwalowo we-compressor.Lokhu kuzoholela ekuntulekeni kwamafutha ku-evaporator, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okuphansi kokumunca kanye nokushisa okunamandla.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-subcooled liquid izogeleza ibuyele ku-condenser, idale ikhanda eliphakeme ngoba asikho umamukeli ohlelweni lokubamba isiqandisi.Ngokuphakama kwekhanda nokucindezela okuphansi ku-evaporator, izinga lokugeleza kwesiqandisi lizokhuphuka ngenxa yokwehla kwengcindezi ephakeme ngaphesheya kweshubhu le-capillary.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusebenza kwe-compressor kuzokwehla ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokucindezela kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric.Lokhu kuzophoqa isistimu ukuthi ilingane, kodwa ekhanda eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi yokuhwamuka ephansi ingaholela ekungasebenzi kahle okungadingekile.
Uma ukumelana kwe-capillary kungaphansi kokudingekayo ngenxa yobubanzi obufushane noma obukhulu kakhulu, izinga lokugeleza kwefriji liyoba likhulu kunomthamo wepompo ye-compressor.Lokhu kuzoholela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu kwe-evaporator, ukushisa okuphezulu okuphansi kanye nezikhukhula ezingaba khona ze-compressor ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-evaporator.I-subcooling ingakwazi ukwehla ku-condenser okubangela ukucindezeleka kwekhanda eliphansi ngisho nokulahlekelwa uphawu oluwuketshezi ngaphansi kwe-condenser.Le nhloko ephansi futhi ephakeme kunokucindezela kwe-evaporator evamile izonciphisa isilinganiso sokucindezela kwe-compressor okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwevolumu ephezulu.Lokhu kuzokwandisa umthamo we-compressor, ongakwazi ukulinganisa uma i-compressor ingakwazi ukusingatha ukugeleza kwefriji ephezulu ku-evaporator.Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi isiqandisi sichichima i-compressor, okwenza ukuba i-compressor ihluleke.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezibalwe ngenhla, kubalulekile ukuthi amasistimu e-capillary abe neshaji enembile (ebalulekile) yesiqandisi ohlelweni lwawo.Isiqandisi esiningi kakhulu noma esincane kakhulu singaholela ekungalinganini okubi kakhulu kanye nomonakalo omkhulu ku-compressor ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi noma izikhukhula.Ukuze uthole usayizi we-capillary ofanele, thintana nomkhiqizi noma ubhekisele eshadini likasayizi womkhiqizi.I-nameplate yesistimu noma i-nameplate izobonisa kahle ukuthi isistimu idinga isiqandisi esingakanani, ngokuvamile engxenyeni yeshumi noma ngisho nekhulu le-ounce.
Emithwalo yokushisa ephezulu ye-evaporator, amasistimu e-capillary ngokuvamile asebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu;empeleni, ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-evaporator okungu-40° noma okungu-50°F akuvamile ekulayisheni ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-evaporator.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isiqandisi esiku-evaporator siyahwamuka ngokushesha futhi sinyuse iphoyinti lokugcwala komhwamuko elingu-100% kusihwamuli, sinikeze isistimu ukufundwa kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu.Amashubhu e-capillary awanayo nje indlela yokuphendula, efana ne-thermostatic expansion valve (TRV) ukukhanya okukude, ukutshela idivayisi yokulinganisa ukuthi isebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu futhi ilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngakho-ke, lapho umthwalo we-evaporator uphezulu futhi i-evaporator superheat iphezulu, isistimu izosebenza ngokungalungile kakhulu.
Lokhu kungaba enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-capillary.Ochwepheshe abaningi bafuna ukwengeza isiqandisi esithe xaxa ohlelweni ngenxa yokufundwa kokushisa okuphezulu, kodwa lokhu kuzogcwalisa kuphela uhlelo.Ngaphambi kokwengeza isiqandisi, hlola ukufundwa kokushisa okuphezulu okuvamile emithwalweni yokushisa ephansi ye-evaporator.Lapho izinga lokushisa esikhaleni esiqandisiwe lehliselwa ezingeni lokushisa elifunekayo futhi umhwamuko ungaphansi komthwalo wokushisa ophansi, ukushisa okuphezulu kwe-evaporator ngokuvamile kuba ngu-5° ukuya ku-10°F.Uma ungabaza, qoqa isiqandisi, khipha isistimu bese wengeza inkokhelo yesiqandisi ebalulekile ekhonjiswe ku-nameplate.
Uma umthwalo wokushisa ophezulu we-evaporator usuncishisiwe futhi isistimu ishintshela kumthwalo wokushisa oyisihwaphuzi ophansi, umhwamuko ongu-100% wephoyinti lokugcwala uzokwehla phezu kwamaphasi ambalwa okugcina e-evaporator.Lokhu kungenxa yokuncipha kwezinga lokuhwamuka kwesiqandisi ku-evaporator ngenxa yomthwalo wokushisa ophansi.Isistimu manje isizoba nokushisa okuphezulu okuhwamukayo okucishe kube ngu-5° ukuya ku-10°F.Lokhu kufundwa kokushisa okuphezulu kwe-evaporator kuzokwenzeka kuphela lapho umthwalo wokushisa we-evaporator uphansi.
Uma isistimu ye-capillary igcwele ngokweqile, izoqongelela uketshezi okweqile ku-condenser, okubangela ikhanda eliphezulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwesamukeli ohlelweni.Ukwehla kwengcindezi phakathi kwezinhlangothi zomfutho ophansi kanye nophezulu wesistimu kuzokhuphuka, kubangele izinga lokugeleza ku-evaporator likhuphuke futhi i-evaporator igcwale kakhulu, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu okuphansi.Ingakhukhula noma ivale i-compressor, okungesinye isizathu sokuthi kungani amasistimu e-capillary kufanele akhokhiswe ngokuqinile noma ngokunembile inani elishiwo lesiqandisi.
John Tomczyk is Professor Emeritus of HVACR at Ferris State University in Grand Rapids, Michigan and co-author of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies published by Cengage Learning. Contact him at tomczykjohn@gmail.com.
Okuqukethwe Okuxhasiwe kuyisigaba esikhokhelwayo esikhethekile lapho izinkampani zemboni zihlinzeka ngokuqukethwe kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okungachemile, okunganamali okuthengisiwe ngezihloko ezithakaselwayo ezithamelini zezindaba ze-ACHR.Konke okuqukethwe okuxhasiwe kunikezwa izinkampani zokukhangisa.Unentshisekelo yokubamba iqhaza esigabeni sethu sokuqukethwe esixhasiwe?Xhumana nommeleli wendawo yakho.
Ngokufunwa Nguwe Kule webinar, sizofunda ngezibuyekezo zakamuva zesiqandisi semvelo se-R-290 nokuthi sizoba nomthelela kanjani embonini ye-HVACR.
Ngesikhathi sewebhu, uzofunda ukuthi ungadlula kanjani ngempumelelo isigaba ngasinye sokukhula kwebhizinisi.